Michael Wrona's Blog

Engineering, coding, tech, and other cool projects!

Recent posts

Feb 13, 2022
Rocket Flight Data Computer - Introduction & Requirements DefinitionI have been interested in model rocketry for a long time. Putting the time and energy into designing and building a model rocket, watching it leave the launch pad in a plume of smoke, and fly into the sky is very exciting and rewarding.…
Jan 14, 2022
Earth Gravity ModellingContrary to popular belief, EARTH IS NOT FLAT. Earth’s mean equatorial radius is about 6,378km and its mean polar radius is about 6,357km - a 21km difference! Earth’s mountains, valleys, oceans, and varying sub-surface composition also contributes towards earth’s irregular shape and therefore mass distribution.…
Sep 14, 2021
A Simple C++ Vector ClassIntroduction Learning how to use arrays in C++ is an extremely important skill to have as a programmer. Generally speaking, arrays are used to store data with identical types as a group. The simplest and most commonly used array is a vector, or 1D array.…
May 15, 2021
Measuring IMU Noise DensitySensor noise is an extremely important characteristic to consider when integrating sensors into a project. Sensor noise distorts underlying signals engineers are interested in, which makes measuring underlying processes more difficult or near impossible. Since the inertial measurement unit (IMU) is such an important system in rockets, airplanes, and satellites, not fully understanding IMU noise can be disaterous!…
May 9, 2021
Gyro Noise and Allan Deviation + IMU ExampleRate gyros measure angular rotation rate, or angular velocity, in units of degrees per second [deg/s] or radians per second [rad/s]. Gyros are used across many diverse applications. Since I come from an aerospace background, I know that gyros are extremely important sensors in rockets, satellies, missiles, and airplane autopilots.…
Dec 20, 2020
Designing a Quaternion-Based EKF for Accelerometer, Gyroscope, & Magnetometer FusionOne of the most important parts of any aerospace control system are the sensor fusion and state estimation algorithms. This software system is responsible for recording sensor observations and ‘fusing’ measurements to estimate parameters such as orientation, position, and speed. The quality of sensor fusion algorithms will directly influence how well your control system will perform.…